Here we report an open-loop recycling method for these materials that involves (i) decrosslinking via hydrolysis, (ii) an optional chain-shortening via sonication, and (iii) functionalizing via Fischer esterification. 5). GetScriptingEngine End If If Not IsObject (connection) Then Set connection = application. Considering the large COVID-19 death toll in Brazil, with marked regional inequalities, our goal was to quantify the loss in e0 and e65 in 2020 and in the first 4 months of 2021 due to the pandemic. sub-programme "Transition to clean energy". Sonicating 2.5% and 5.0% w/v solutions of decrosslinked PAAP&G for 010min using a 20kHz sonication horn operating at full amplitude (100%) revealed rapid chain-shortening for the decrosslinked PAAP&G (Fig. Considering this factor, the optimized conditions involved sonicating a 2.5% w/v solution for 1min to give an Mw ~360kg/mol, and a 5.0% w/v solution for 2min to give a Mw of ~330kg/mol37. The LIFE programme is structured in two fields - Environment and Climate Action - and it contributes to these priorities through its four sub-programmes: Environment field: 1. Giving superabsorbent polymers a second life as pressure-sensitive adhesives, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-24488-9. For all intervals except ages 01, 15 and 90+, the interval length n is 5 years wide. Slider with three articles shown per slide. ACS Macro Lett. Article Vaupel, J. W., Villavicencio, F. & Bergeron-Boucher, M.-P. Demographic perspectives on the rise of longevity. Everyone involved in adoptionbirthparents, adoptive parents, adoptees, adoption professionals, and beyonddeserves support when they need it. )x"VzdHd&Ffb7kR KK i$M{;* af082!yvy!U"D)|Nei^*|C$Q,Ss$e*jX^/17E`i{dTS7EphB/jd- . Tang, H., Luan, Y., Yang, L. & Sun, H. A perspective on reversibility in controlled polymerization systems: recent progress and new opportunities. Prod. Reduction in life expectancy in Brazil after COVID-19, \({\,}_nD_x = ({\,}_nK_x - \,_nD_x^{COV})({\,}_n^ \ast M_x) + \,_nD_x^{COV}\), $${\,}_{\boldsymbol{n}}{\boldsymbol{R}}_{\boldsymbol{x}} = \frac{{{\,}_{\boldsymbol{n}}^ \ast {\boldsymbol{D}}_{\boldsymbol{x}}}}{{{\,}_{\boldsymbol{n}}{\boldsymbol{D}}_{\boldsymbol{x}}}}$$, $${\,}_{\boldsymbol{n}}{\boldsymbol{p}}_{\boldsymbol{x}} = {\boldsymbol{e}}^{\left( {\frac{1}{{{\,}_{\boldsymbol{n}}{\boldsymbol{R}}_{\boldsymbol{x}}}}\, \ast \,\log \left( {{\,}_{\boldsymbol{n}}^ \ast {\boldsymbol{p}}_{\boldsymbol{x}}} \right)} \right)}$$, $${\,}_{\boldsymbol{n}}{\boldsymbol{q}}_{\boldsymbol{x}} = 1 - {\,}_{\boldsymbol{n}}{\boldsymbol{p}}_{\boldsymbol{x}}$$, $${\,}_{\boldsymbol{n}}{\boldsymbol{a}}_{\boldsymbol{x}} = {\boldsymbol{n}} + \frac{1}{{{\,}_{\boldsymbol{n}}{\boldsymbol{R}}_{\boldsymbol{x}}}} \ast \frac{{{\,}_{\boldsymbol{n}}^ \ast {\boldsymbol{q}}_{\boldsymbol{x}}}}{{{\,}_{\boldsymbol{n}}{\boldsymbol{q}}_{\boldsymbol{x}}}} \ast ({\,}_{\boldsymbol{n}}^ \ast {\boldsymbol{a}}_{\boldsymbol{x}} - {\boldsymbol{n}})$$, $${\,}_\infty {\boldsymbol{a}}_{90} = {\,}_\infty ^ \ast {\boldsymbol{a}}_{90}\, \ast _\infty {\boldsymbol{R}}_{90}$$, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-021-01437-z. ACS Sustain. ISPRA is responsible for the geomorphological characterization of the nesting sites and analysis for land planning and management, the geomorphological and chemical characterization of the sites and the drafting of guidelines on the management of coastal erosion for the suitability of the nesting habitat.The project partnership is composed of: Anton Dohrn Zoological Station; University of Rome La Sapienza; Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Balmes University Foundation, Spain; National Organization of Italian Dogs; Cestmed, France; Basilicata Region; Puglia region; Regional Agency for Environmental Protection of Toscana; Lazio region; Campania Region; ISPRA- Italy. Anjeza Beharaj, Ethan Z. McCaslin, Mark W. Grinstaff, Aya Samir, Fatma H. Ashour, Mohamed Bassyouni, Amar K. Mohanty, Feng Wu, Manjusri Misra, Hom N. Sharma, Jeremy M. Lenhardt, Long N. Dinh, Ephraim G. Morado, Mara L. Paterson, Steven C. Zimmerman, Anna M. Duraj-Thatte, Avinash Manjula-Basavanna, Neel S. Joshi, Ainara Sangroniz, Jian-Bo Zhu, Haritz Sardon, Nature Communications Third, because local health authorities have 60 d to report deaths from any cause, delayed death registration might be an issue in 2021, and, thus, for the first 4 months of 2021, we used confirmed COVID-19 deaths as reported by Brasil.io, which compiles epidemiological bulletins from the 27 state health departments. Lancet Respir. When acetic acid was reacted with 2-ethylhexanol/water, we observed a 94% conversion. Chiang, C. L. Introduction to Stochastic Processes in Biostatistics (Wiley, 1968). The superabsorbent polymer provided by P&G is a sodium poly(acrylate) crosslinked via ~0.05mol% poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate co-monomer (PAAP&G)30. Trans. LIFE-2022-SAP-NAT-NATURE Gamta ir biologin vairov (angl. When we started back in 1995, we were the first company in the world to provide a new kind of electricity- the green kind. Before COVID-19, e0 in Brazil lagged behind many countries in Asia, Europe and the Americas. This result suggests that most crosslinks had been hydrolyzed within 15h (Supplementary Fig. Palloni, A., Pinto, G. & Beltrn-Snchez, H. Two centuries of mortality decline in Latin America: from hunger to longevity. & van der Schaar, M. Ethnic and regional variations in hospital mortality from COVID-19 in Brazil: a cross-sectional observational study. It is also the case that the difference in life expectancy between 2019 and 2020 could encompass secular changes unrelated to the pandemic. and C.M.T. (ed.) Preprint at https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.26.21252554v1 (2021). Child immunization was reduced, particularly among impoverished children in the North region29. A much higher loss was estimated for e65: 29% for both sexes in Brazil (Supplementary Table 9). What it lacks is leadership commitment to save lives. JAMA 324, 510513 (2020). U.S. Patent 9,447,309 B2. Prod. Both methods resulted in larger estimates of life expectancy decline compared to the difference between 2019 and 2020 period life tables (Supplementary Tables 1 and 2): for example, for Brazil (both sexes), the decline in e0 was estimated at 1.92 years (DT20) and 1.67 years (DT19) versus 1.31 years (difference between 2019 and 2020 life tables). Among males, two states, Amazonas and Par, both in the North region, lost all that was gained over 2 decades (Fig. The adhesive properties of the synthesized polyacrylates were evaluated using rheology and analyzed with respect to Changs viscoelastic window (VW), which classifies different adhesive types48. U.S. Patent 2,917,538 (December 15, 1959). States are colored according to major regions. Eng. The autonomous nature of this role allows for providers to own the patient's quality of care and allows for collaboration with attending physicians and other providers at the facility with the. As expected, the VWs are higher with larger Mw, which is due to the increased chain entanglements. Chem. In Ullmans Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. (Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co, Weinheim, 2020). Get the most important science stories of the day, free in your inbox. Barberia, L. G. & Gmez, E. J. Esterification of polyacrylic acid using alkyl halides under basic conditions had already been reported38. Vilseck, J. Missed childhood immunizations during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil: analyses of routine statistics and of a national household survey. and M.T.R. JAMA 324, 13911392 (2020). 239, 255261 (2019). We assumed that those dying in a given month from any cause contributed, on average, 0.5/12 person-years, whereas the contribution of survivors was 1/12 person-years. In summary, the death toll of COVID-19 in Brazil has been catastrophic. 364, 19851998 (2009). are employees at P&G. ]}JazX HuEYW0l n5!R?VF|-ww!OHq3G,a@n:X%~m=}WW[ll_oq Correspondence to The Kick-off meeting of the LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-NATURE TURTLENEST project will be held on January 20 in Rome, at the Legambiente headquarters. Natl Acad. As many countries speed up vaccination coverage and witness declines in cases and deaths, Brazil lags behind. From an energetic standpoint, the CED is reduced by 18.8% and 18.6% with the sonication scenarios, and further reduced (by 24.8%) in the scenario without sonication. Ohara, T. et al. The rate of chain scission during sonication is directly proportional to the amount of chain entanglement during sonication35. is supported by the National Institute on Aging (grant no. 4: COVID-19 mortality in 2021 and changes in life expectancy by state and sex. Plots of storage (G) versus loss (G) moduli for poly(2-ethylhexylacrylate) (a), including visualization of Changs viscoelastic window, and of the cumulative energy demand (CED) and global warming potential (GWP) for each route (b). The consequences, sadly and unacceptably, will continue to be measured in human lives lost, and the future demographic consequences might be even worse than those reported here. x\[s8~w! Genomics and epidemiology of the P.1 SARS-CoV-2 lineage in Manaus, Brazil. Several provisional patent and patent applications have been filed based on this work. LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-NATURE Nature and Biodiversity LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-GOV Nature Governance Each project application under the call must address only one of these topics. Pocious, A. V. Adhesion and Adhesives Technology, 3rd ed. <>/XObject<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 960 540] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> Z. Google Scholar. M.C.C. D.I.C., M.I.J., and E.N.G.M. Chem. To determine whether the base-mediated or acid-catalyzed pathway was better, the two routes were compared using a cradle-to-product life cycle assessment (LCA, Supplementary Fig. & Pimenta, D. N. Community health workers reveal COVID-19 disaster in Brazil. Mechanically-induced chemical changes in polymeric materials. The authors declare no competing financial interests. Revista de Administrao Pblica 54, 678696 (2020). Barnes, D. K. A., Galgani, F., Thompson, R. C. & Barlaz, M. Accumulation and fragmentation of plastic debris in global environments. Polym. d, Number of COVID-19 deaths in 2020 per 100,000 people by state (Methods). of 2-ethylhexanol and H2SO4 as a catalyst (Fig. Bystryak, S., Santockyte, R. & Peshkovsky, A. S. Cell disruption of S. cerevisiae by scalable high-intensity ultrasound. Internet Explorer). & Bowe, B. High-dimensional characterization of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19. https://www.ipea.gov.br/portal/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=37022&Itemid=448 (2020). LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-GOV Nature Governance Standard Action Projects (SAPs) Strategic Nature Projects (SNAPs) SNAPs: (1)target the implementation of the Prioritised Action Frameworks (PAF) other plans or strategies adopted at international, national, regional or multiregional level by nature )fdg{ca8L[2!/5\r>yGFB]Jd0EH|-v6fmxtlv^{@-0x@oOXLx1)&f@4M6"S6,+I"zvM7AC ~z:Wy{wF3JkGZpd\ _] 7N8cPi} In both countries, the pandemic response in 2020 was disparate regionally, with lamentable national coordination3,4, resulting in a high and unequal mortality burden5,6. Scope: Specifically, using a 2 or 3 step synthetic process, the sodium polyacrylate is converted into a pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA), which has a significant global market (expected to be $13 billion by 2023) (https://www.alliedmarketresearch.com/pressure-sensitive-adhesives-market). LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-GOV Nature Governance Each project application under the call must address only one of these topics. SAP Certified with fifteen years of SAP development experience in UK and New Zealand. Chubarova, E. V., Melenevskaya, E. Y. 21, 12181230 (2016). The corresponding VW for each adhesive is the rectangular region bounded by these four moduli. Previous studies used this approach to estimate life tables in the presence of COVID-19 (refs. United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)Office of Land and Emergency Management. Therefore, efforts to introduce synergy between superabsorbent poly(acrylic acid) recovery and PSA production may provide much-needed demand for diaper recycling end-products, which in-turn may improve environmental performance for both processes on a large scale. One of the pitfalls of diaper recycling pilots is the low demand for recovered diaper materials, which depreciates the environmental potentiality of such endeavors14. Nat Med 27, 16291635 (2021). Degrad. Fifth, reductions in the health budget and changes in the health financing model are likely to affect health outcomes40. LIFE 2021 - 2027 Webinar Barone, M. T. U. et al. Technical Assistance Projects (all subprogrammes): 22 September (5 p.m.). Nature and Biodiversity ). life-2021-sap-nat nature #life 2021 sap env gov #life-2021-sap-nat nature #life 2021 ta pp env sip #Life Call #life programme 2021 #LIFE Program #call for proposals climate change 2021 #life 2021 strat two stage Several routes for converting the polyacrylic acid into a polyacrylate were compared. and M.I.J. An estimated 6.3 billion metric tons of post-consumer polymer waste has been produced, with the majority (79%) in landfills or the environment. Commercial polyacrylate-based PSAs are often accessed via petroleum-sourced monomers (Fig. LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-NATURE Nature and Biodiversity SMART OUTCOME-BASED projects based on Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Relevant, and Time-Bound objectives for the implementation of EU Nature and Biodiversity legislation or Targets of the EU Biodiversity Strategy for 2030 2. JRSvk] As a result, estimated e0 in Brazil in the presence of COVID-19 reflects levels observed in 2014 (Supplementary Table 10). 1 0 obj Responsible for the full life-cycle of the first infotainment system in the market, AutoPC built with Microsoft. Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter what matters in science, free to your inbox daily. Barbosa, R. J., Souza, P. H. G. F. & Soares, S. S. D. Distribuio de Renda nos Anos 2010: uma dcada perdida para desigualdade e pobreza. 3, e1700782 (2017). The resulting acidic polymer solutions were used directly in the subsequent experiments without any isolation steps. Locations: Colorado; Nevada, Jersey City, NJ; New York City, NY; Ithaca, NY and Westchester County, NY. However, in the presence of COVID-19, this assumption might not hold because deaths were unevenly distributed over the year. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.seminoncol.2020.12.002 (2021). Nat. 9, 407418 (2021). Chem. Bars, organized by major regions, show changes for the states. Height influenced biomass accumulation and hence C gain, where life forms . LIFE - Support for applicants (europa.eu)